Daily Current Affairs – 28 February 2026

English | Page 11 | Indian Polity & Constitution

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1. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution

• Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic
• Parliamentary system of government
• Federal system with unitary bias
• Independent judiciary
• Rule of Law

Important Dates:
Adopted – 26 November 1949
Enforced – 26 January 1950

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2. Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)

• Right to Equality (Articles 14–18)
• Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)
• Right to Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21)
• Freedom of Religion

Mains Angle: Expanding interpretation of Article 21 by the Supreme Court.

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 3. Constitutional Amendments

Article 368: Procedure for amending the Constitution.

• 42nd Amendment – “Mini Constitution”
• 44th Amendment – Safeguards during Emergency
• 101st Amendment – Introduction of GST

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 4. Constitutional Bodies

• Election Commission – Article 324
• Finance Commission – Article 280
• Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) – Article 148
• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) – Article 315

Prelims Tip: Differentiate between Constitutional and Statutory bodies.

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5. Centre–State Relations

Seventh Schedule:

• Union List
• State List
• Concurrent List

Distribution of legislative powers is crucial for federal functioning.

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 Mains Practice Question

“Examine how the Indian Constitution balances federalism with strong central authority.” (250 words)

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📘 Constitutional Clarity = Strong Governance Answers
© 2026 Shaktimatha Learning – Polity Excellence Series