Special Topic 2 – Virus & Biotechnology
MCQs & Mains Writing Practice (Page 5)

---

🎯 MCQs – Practice Questions

1. Viruses are considered non-living because:
A) They lack genetic material
B) They cannot reproduce independently
C) They are visible to naked eye
D) They contain antibiotics
Answer: B

2. mRNA vaccines work by:
A) Injecting live virus
B) Destroying white blood cells
C) Providing instructions to produce viral proteins
D) Blocking DNA replication permanently
Answer: C

3. CRISPR technology is primarily used for:
A) Digital encryption
B) Gene editing
C) Vaccine storage
D) Antibiotic production
Answer: B

4. Biosecurity mainly aims to prevent:
A) Internet hacking
B) Financial fraud
C) Misuse of biological research
D) Agricultural exports
Answer: C

 Question 1 (150 Words)

“Explain the role of biotechnology in managing viral pandemics.”

Biotechnology plays a crucial role in managing viral pandemics through rapid vaccine development, diagnostic tools, and genomic surveillance. mRNA vaccines enable faster response compared to traditional vaccine platforms. Advanced sequencing technologies help track viral mutations and variants. Biotechnology also supports antiviral drug development and immune-based therapies. However, global cooperation and equitable vaccine distribution remain essential for effective pandemic control.

 Question 2 (250 Words)

“Discuss the ethical and regulatory challenges in modern biotechnology.”

Modern biotechnology offers transformative solutions in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental management. However, ethical and regulatory challenges accompany these advancements. Gene editing technologies such as CRISPR raise concerns about human genetic modification and the possibility of “designer babies.”

Data privacy in genetic databases is another concern, as misuse could lead to discrimination. Clinical trials must ensure informed consent and transparency. Biosecurity risks, including accidental or deliberate misuse of engineered pathogens, require strict regulatory oversight.

To address these challenges, governments must establish robust legal frameworks, international cooperation mechanisms, and ethical review boards. Responsible innovation ensures that biotechnology benefits humanity while minimizing risks.

---

 Final Insight:

Scientific progress must walk alongside ethical responsibility.

---

 Special Topic Series by Shaktimatha Learning
Integrated Preparation for Prelims & Mains