India–China Relations & Border Issues – Complete Analysis (Page 1)

Introduction:
India and China are two major powers in Asia. Their relationship is complex, involving cooperation, competition, and conflict, especially due to unresolved border disputes.

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1. Historical Background

• Initially, India and China had friendly relations in the 1950s
• The slogan “Hindi-Chini Bhai Bhai” symbolized friendship
• The 1962 war severely damaged bilateral relations

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2. Important Agreements

• 1993 – Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement
• 1996 – Confidence Building Measures Agreement
• 2005 – Political Parameters Agreement

👉 These agreements aimed to maintain peace along the border.

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3. Line of Actual Control (LAC)

• De facto boundary between India and China
• Approximately 3,488 km long
• Lack of clear demarcation leads to disputes

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4. Key Issues

• Border disputes
• Tibet issue
• China–Pakistan relations
• Economic competition

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5. Exam Focus

• 1962 War → Turning point
• LAC → Unofficial boundary
• 1993 & 1996 agreements → Peace mechanisms
• Tibet → Strategic concern

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