Special Topic 2: Policy Framework & Global Governance (Page 4)

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 Global Governance Mechanisms

Biotechnology regulation requires international cooperation to ensure safety, transparency and ethical compliance.

• World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines
• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
• Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
• Global bioethics committees

These frameworks aim to prevent misuse while promoting scientific collaboration.

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🇮🇳 India’s Biotechnology Strategy

• Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
• National Biotechnology Development Strategy
• Promotion of start-ups and bio-incubators
• Vaccine and pharmaceutical manufacturing capacity

India has emerged as a major global hub for affordable vaccines and generic medicines.

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⚖ Regulatory Framework in India

• Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)
• Drugs and Cosmetics Act provisions
• Clinical trial regulations
• Ethics committees in research institutions

Effective regulation ensures both innovation and public safety.

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📊 Policy Challenges

• Balancing innovation and risk management
• Ensuring affordable access to biotech therapies
• Strengthening research funding
• Maintaining global competitiveness

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 Way Forward

• Strengthening public-private partnerships
• Transparent ethical oversight
• International research collaboration
• Capacity building in biosecurity

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 Exam Relevance:
GS-2 (Governance & Policy), GS-3 (Science & Technology), International Relations, Essay

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Published by Shaktimatha Learning
Science Policy & Governance Series