India–China Relations & Border Issues – Page 2

1. Nature of Border Disputes
The India–China border is not clearly demarcated. Differences in perception of the Line of Actual Control (LAC) often lead to tensions.

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2. Ladakh Dispute

• China controls Aksai Chin region
• India claims it as part of Ladakh
• Galwan Valley clash (2020) is a major incident

Key Point: Ladakh is strategically very important.

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3. Arunachal Pradesh Dispute

• China refers to it as “South Tibet”
• India considers it an integral state
• Tawang region is highly sensitive

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4. Sikkim & Doklam Issue

• Doklam is a tri-junction of India, Bhutan, and China
• 2017 standoff between India and China
• Important for Bhutan’s security

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5. Causes of Disputes

• Unclear border demarcation
• Strategic importance of regions
• Military and political rivalry

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6. Exam Focus

• Aksai Chin → Ladakh issue
• Arunachal → South Tibet claim
• Doklam → Tri-junction area
• Galwan → 2020 conflict

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