Important Cases – Emergency & Parliament vs Judiciary
Key Supreme Court Judgments for UPSC & Competitive Exams
1. Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)
This is one of the most important cases in Indian constitutional history. The Supreme Court introduced the Basic Structure Doctrine.
- Parliament can amend the Constitution
- But cannot destroy its basic structure
- Protects democracy, rule of law, and judicial independence
This case limited Parliament’s power and strengthened constitutional supremacy.
2. Minerva Mills Case (1980)
This case emphasized the balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles.
- Both Fundamental Rights and DPSP are equally important
- Parliament cannot give unlimited power to itself
- Maintains constitutional harmony
It reinforced the Basic Structure Doctrine.
3. S.R. Bommai Case (1994)
This case is related to misuse of Article 356 (President’s Rule).
- Judicial review is applicable on President’s Rule
- Federalism is part of Basic Structure
- Prevents arbitrary dismissal of state governments
This judgment strengthened federalism and democracy.
4. ADM Jabalpur Case (1976)
This case occurred during the Emergency period (1975–77).
- Court held that Fundamental Rights can be suspended
- Later criticized as a failure of judiciary
This case highlights the importance of protecting individual rights even during emergencies.
5. Golaknath Case (1967)
This case dealt with Parliament’s power to amend Fundamental Rights.
- Parliament cannot amend Fundamental Rights (initially)
- Later modified by Kesavananda Bharati case
It marked the beginning of Parliament vs Judiciary conflict.
Shaktimatha Learning
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